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NEW QUESTION # 20
What should a privacy professional keep in mind when selecting which metrics to collect?
- A. Metrics should reveal strategies for increasing company earnings.
- B. The number of metrics should be limited at first.
- C. A variety of metrics should be collected before determining their specific functions.
- D. Metrics should be reported to the public.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A privacy professional should keep in mind that the number of metrics should be limited at first when selecting which metrics to collect. Metrics are quantitative measures that help evaluate the performance and effectiveness of a privacy program. However, collecting too many metrics can be overwhelming, confusing, and costly. Therefore, a privacy professional should start with a few key metrics that are relevant, meaningful, actionable, and aligned with the organization's privacy goals and priorities. These metrics can be refined and expanded over time as the privacy program matures and evolves. References: [Privacy Metrics], [Measuring Privacy Program Effectiveness]
NEW QUESTION # 21
Under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which of the following situations would LEAST likely require a controller to notify a data subject?
- A. Personal data of a group of individuals is erroneously sent to the wrong mailing list
- B. A hacker publishes usernames, phone numbers and purchase history online after a cyber-attack
- C. An encrypted USB key with sensitive personal data is stolen
- D. A direct marketing email is sent with recipients visible in the 'cc' field
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Under the GDPR, a controller must notify a data subject of a personal data breach without undue delay when the breach is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subject, unless one of the following conditions applies: the personal data are rendered unintelligible to any person who is not authorized to access it, such as by encryption; the controller has taken subsequent measures to ensure that the high risk is no longer likely to materialize; or the notification would involve disproportionate effort, in which case a public communication or similar measure may suffice. In this case, an encrypted USB key with sensitive personal data is stolen, but the personal data are presumably unintelligible to the thief, so the controller does not need to notify the data subject. However, the controller still needs to notify the supervisory authority within 72 hours of becoming aware of the breach, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons.
References:
* CIPM Body of Knowledge (2021), Domain IV: Privacy Program Operational Life Cycle, Section B:
Protecting Personal Information, Subsection 2: Data Breach Incident Planning and Management
* CIPM Study Guide (2021), Chapter 8: Protecting Personal Information, Section 8.2: Data Breach
* Incident Planning and Management
* CIPM Textbook (2019), Chapter 8: Protecting Personal Information, Section 8.2: Data Breach Incident Planning and Management
* CIPM Practice Exam (2021), Question 134
* GDPR Article 33 and 3412
NEW QUESTION # 22
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
It's just what you were afraid of. Without consulting you, the information technology director at your organization launched a new initiative to encourage employees to use personal devices for conducting business. The initiative made purchasing a new, high-specification laptop computer an attractive option, with discounted laptops paid for as a payroll deduction spread over a year of paychecks. The organization is also paying the sales taxes. It's a great deal, and after a month, more than half the organization's employees have signed on and acquired new laptops. Walking through the facility, you see them happily customizing and comparing notes on their new computers, and at the end of the day, most take their laptops with them, potentially carrying personal data to their homes or other unknown locations. It's enough to give you data- protection nightmares, and you've pointed out to the information technology Director and many others in the organization the potential hazards of this new practice, including the inevitability of eventual data loss or theft.
Today you have in your office a representative of the organization's marketing department who shares with you, reluctantly, a story with potentially serious consequences. The night before, straight from work, with laptop in hand, he went to the Bull and Horn Pub to play billiards with his friends. A fine night of sport and socializing began, with the laptop "safely" tucked on a bench, beneath his jacket. Later that night, when it was time to depart, he retrieved the jacket, but the laptop was gone. It was not beneath the bench or on another bench nearby. The waitstaff had not seen it. His friends were not playing a joke on him. After a sleepless night, he confirmed it this morning, stopping by the pub to talk to the cleanup crew. They had not found it.
The laptop was missing. Stolen, it seems. He looks at you, embarrassed and upset.
You ask him if the laptop contains any personal data from clients, and, sadly, he nods his head, yes. He believes it contains files on about 100 clients, including names, addresses and governmental identification numbers. He sighs and places his head in his hands in despair.
From a business standpoint, what is the most productive way to view employee use of personal equipment for work-related tasks?
- A. While the company may not own the equipment, it is required to protect the business-related data on any equipment used by its employees.
- B. The use of personal equipment is a cost-effective measure that leads to no greater security risks than are always present in a modern organization.
- C. Any computer or other equipment is company property whenever it is used for company business.
- D. The use of personal equipment must be reduced as it leads to inevitable security risks.
Answer: A
Explanation:
This answer reflects the principle of accountability, which states that the company is responsible for ensuring that personal data is processed in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, regardless of who owns or controls the equipment that stores or processes the data. The company should establish policies and procedures for managing the use of personal equipment for work-related tasks, such as requiring encryption, authentication, remote wipe, backup and reporting of incidents. The company should also provide training and awareness to the employees on how to protect the data on their personal equipment and what are their obligations and liabilities. References: IAPP CIPM Study Guide, page 841; ISO/IEC 27002:2013, section
6.2.1
NEW QUESTION # 23
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
As the director of data protection for Consolidated Records Corporation, you are justifiably pleased with your accomplishments so far. Your hiring was precipitated by warnings from regulatory agencies following a series of relatively minor data breaches that could easily have been worse. However, you have not had a reportable incident for the three years that you have been with the company. In fact, you consider your program a model that others in the data storage industry may note in their own program development.
You started the program at Consolidated from a jumbled mix of policies and procedures and worked toward coherence across departments and throughout operations. You were aided along the way by the program's sponsor, the vice president of operations, as well as by a Privacy Team that started from a clear understanding of the need for change.
Initially, your work was greeted with little confidence or enthusiasm by the company's "old guard" among both the executive team and frontline personnel working with data and interfacing with clients. Through the use of metrics that showed the costs not only of the breaches that had occurred, but also projections of the costs that easily could occur given the current state of operations, you soon had the leaders and key decision-makers largely on your side. Many of the other employees were more resistant, but face-to-face meetings with each department and the development of a baseline privacy training program achieved sufficient
"buy-in" to begin putting the proper procedures into place.
Now, privacy protection is an accepted component of all current operations involving personal or protected data and must be part of the end product of any process of technological development. While your approach is not systematic, it is fairly effective.
You are left contemplating: What must be done to maintain the program and develop it beyond just a data breach prevention program? How can you build on your success? What are the next action steps?
What practice would afford the Director the most rigorous way to check on the program's compliance with laws, regulations and industry best practices?
- A. Monitoring
- B. Auditing
- C. Forensics
- D. Assessment
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 24
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Edufox has hosted an annual convention of users of its famous e-learning software platform, and over time, it has become a grand event. It fills one of the large downtown conference hotels and overflows into the others, with several thousand attendees enjoying three days of presentations, panel discussions and networking. The convention is the centerpiece of the company's product rollout schedule and a great training opportunity for current users. The sales force also encourages prospective clients to attend to get a better sense of the ways in which the system can be customized to meet diverse needs and understand that when they buy into this system, they are joining a community that feels like family.
This year's conference is only three weeks away, and you have just heard news of a new initiative supporting it: a smartphone app for attendees. The app will support late registration, highlight the featured presentations and provide a mobile version of the conference program. It also links to a restaurant reservation system with the best cuisine in the areas featured. "It's going to be great," the developer, Deidre Hoffman, tells you, "if, that is, we actually get it working!" She laughs nervously but explains that because of the tight time frame she'd been given to build the app, she outsourced the job to a local firm. "It's just three young people," she says, "but they do great work." She describes some of the other apps they have built. When asked how they were selected for this job, Deidre shrugs. "They do good work, so I chose them." Deidre is a terrific employee with a strong track record. That's why she's been charged to deliver this rushed project. You're sure she has the best interests of the company at heart, and you don't doubt that she's under pressure to meet a deadline that cannot be pushed back. However, you have concerns about the app's handling of personal data and its security safeguards. Over lunch in the break room, you start to talk to her about it, but she quickly tries to reassure you, "I'm sure with your help we can fix any security issues if we have to, but I doubt there'll be any. These people build apps for a living, and they know what they're doing. You worry too much, but that's why you're so good at your job!" What safeguard can most efficiently ensure that privacy protection is a dimension of relationships with vendors?
- A. Do business only with vendors who are members of privacy trade associations.
- B. Include appropriate language about privacy protection in vendor contracts.
- C. Require that a person trained in privacy protection be part of all vendor selection teams.
- D. Perform a privacy audit on any vendor under consideration.
Answer: B
Explanation:
This answer is the best way to ensure that privacy protection is a dimension of relationships with vendors, as it can establish clear and binding terms and conditions for both parties regarding their roles and responsibilities for data processing activities. Including appropriate language about privacy protection in vendor contracts can help to define the scope, purpose, duration and type of data processing, as well as the rights and obligations of both parties. The contracts can also specify the technical and organizational measures that the vendor must implement to protect the data from unauthorized or unlawful access, use, disclosure, alteration or destruction, and to notify the organization of any security incidents or breaches. The contracts can also allow the organization to monitor, audit or inspect the vendor's performance and compliance with the contract terms and applicable laws and regulations. Reference: IAPP CIPM Study Guide, page 82; ISO/IEC 27002:2013, section 15.1.2
NEW QUESTION # 25
What is the main purpose of a privacy program audit?
- A. To make decisions on privacy staff roles and responsibilities.
- B. To justify a privacy department budget increase.
- C. To mitigate the effects of a privacy breach.
- D. To ensure the adequacy of data protection procedures.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 26
What United States federal law requires financial institutions to declare their personal data collection practices?
- A. The Financial Portability and Accountability Act of 2006.
- B. SUPCLA, or the federal Superprivacy Act of 2001.
- C. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999.
- D. The Kennedy-Hatch Disclosure Act of 1997.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The United States federal law that requires financial institutions to declare their personal data collection practices is the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) of 1999. The GLBA is also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act or the Financial Modernization Act10 The GLBA regulates how financial institutions collect, use, disclose, and protect the nonpublic personal information of their customers11 The GLBA requires financial institutions to provide a privacy notice to their customers that explains what kinds of information they collect, how they use and share that information, and how they safeguard that information12 The GLBA also gives customers the right to opt out of certain information sharing practices with third parties13 The other options are not US federal laws that require financial institutions to declare their personal data collection practices. The Kennedy-Hatch Disclosure Act of 1997 is a proposed but not enacted legislation that would have required health insurers to disclose their policies and practices regarding the use and disclosure of genetic information14 SUPCLA, or the federal Superprivacy Act of 2001, is a fictional law that does not exist in reality. The Financial Portability and Accountability Act of 2006 is also a fictional law that does not exist in reality, although it may be confused with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, which regulates the privacy and security of health information15 Reference: 10: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act | Federal Trade Commission; 11: Financial Privacy | Federal Trade Commission; 12: Financial Privacy | Federal Trade Commission; 13: Financial Privacy | Federal Trade Commission; 14: S. 422 (105th): Genetic Information Nondiscrimination in Health Insurance Act of 1997; 15: Health Information Privacy | HHS.gov
NEW QUESTION # 27
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Your organization, the Chicago (U.S.)-based Society for Urban Greenspace, has used the same vendor to operate all aspects of an online store for several years. As a small nonprofit, the Society cannot afford the higher-priced options, but you have been relatively satisfied with this budget vendor, Shopping Cart Saver (SCS). Yes, there have been some issues. Twice, people who purchased items from the store have had their credit card information used fraudulently subsequent to transactions on your site, but in neither case did the investigation reveal with certainty that the Society's store had been hacked. The thefts could have been employee-related.
Just as disconcerting was an incident where the organization discovered that SCS had sold information it had collected from customers to third parties. However, as Jason Roland, your SCS account representative, points out, it took only a phone call from you to clarify expectations and the "misunderstanding" has not occurred again.
As an information-technology program manager with the Society, the role of the privacy professional is only one of many you play. In all matters, however, you must consider the financial bottom line. While these problems with privacy protection have been significant, the additional revenues of sales of items such as shirts and coffee cups from the store have been significant. The Society's operating budget is slim, and all sources of revenue are essential.
Now a new challenge has arisen. Jason called to say that starting in two weeks, the customer data from the store would now be stored on a data cloud. "The good news," he says, "is that we have found a low-cost provider in Finland, where the data would also be held. So, while there may be a small charge to pass through to you, it won't be exorbitant, especially considering the advantages of a cloud." Lately, you have been hearing about cloud computing and you know it's fast becoming the new paradigm for various applications. However, you have heard mixed reviews about the potential impacts on privacy protection. You begin to research and discover that a number of the leading cloud service providers have signed a letter of intent to work together on shared conventions and technologies for privacy protection. You make a note to find out if Jason's Finnish provider is signing on.
What process can best answer your Questions about the vendor's data security safeguards?
- A. A reference check with other clients
- B. A table top demonstration of a potential threat
- C. A second-party of supplier audit
- D. A public records search for earlier legal violations
Answer: C
Explanation:
This answer is the best process to answer Albert's questions about the vendor's data security safeguards, as it can provide a direct and comprehensive way to assess and verify the vendor's compliance with the applicable laws, regulations, standards and best practices for data protection. A second-party or supplier audit is conducted by the organization that hires or contracts the vendor to evaluate their performance and alignment with the organization's standards and expectations. A second-party or supplier audit can also help to identify any gaps, weaknesses or risks in the vendor's data security safeguards, and to recommend or require any improvements or corrective actions.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following is TRUE about a PIA (Privacy Impact Analysis)?
- A. Any project that involves the use of personal data requires a PIA
- B. The PIA must be conducted at the early stages of the project lifecycle
- C. A Data Protection Impact Analysis (DPIA) process includes a PIA
- D. The results from a previous information audit can be leveraged in a PIA process
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 29
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Natalia, CFO of the Nationwide Grill restaurant chain, had never seen her fellow executives so anxious. Last week, a data processing firm used by the company reported that its system may have been hacked, and customer data such as names, addresses, and birthdays may have been compromised. Although the attempt was proven unsuccessful, the scare has prompted several Nationwide Grill executives to Question the company's privacy program at today's meeting.
Alice, a vice president, said that the incident could have opened the door to lawsuits, potentially damaging Nationwide Grill's market position. The Chief Information Officer (CIO), Brendan, tried to assure her that even if there had been an actual breach, the chances of a successful suit against the company were slim. But Alice remained unconvinced.
Spencer - a former CEO and currently a senior advisor - said that he had always warned against the use of contractors for data processing. At the very least, he argued, they should be held contractually liable for telling customers about any security incidents. In his view, Nationwide Grill should not be forced to soil the company name for a problem it did not cause.
One of the business development (BD) executives, Haley, then spoke, imploring everyone to see reason. "Breaches can happen, despite organizations' best efforts," she remarked. "Reasonable preparedness is key." She reminded everyone of the incident seven years ago when the large grocery chain Tinkerton's had its financial information compromised after a large order of Nationwide Grill frozen dinners. As a long-time BD executive with a solid understanding of Tinkerton's's corporate culture, built up through many years of cultivating relationships, Haley was able to successfully manage the company's incident response.
Spencer replied that acting with reason means allowing security to be handled by the security functions within the company - not BD staff. In a similar way, he said, Human Resources (HR) needs to do a better job training employees to prevent incidents. He pointed out that Nationwide Grill employees are overwhelmed with posters, emails, and memos from both HR and the ethics department related to the company's privacy program. Both the volume and the duplication of information means that it is often ignored altogether.
Spencer said, "The company needs to dedicate itself to its privacy program and set regular in-person trainings for all staff once a month." Alice responded that the suggestion, while well-meaning, is not practical. With many locations, local HR departments need to have flexibility with their training schedules. Silently, Natalia agreed.
How could the objection to Spencer's training suggestion be addressed?
- A. By offering alternative delivery methods for trainings.
- B. By requiring training only on an as-needed basis.
- C. By customizing training based on length of employee tenure.
- D. By introducing a system of periodic refresher trainings.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 30
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Natalia, CFO of the Nationwide Grill restaurant chain, had never seen her fellow executives so anxious. Last week, a data processing firm used by the company reported that its system may have been hacked, and customer data such as names, addresses, and birthdays may have been compromised. Although the attempt was proven unsuccessful, the scare has prompted several Nationwide Grill executives to Question the company's privacy program at today's meeting.
Alice, a vice president, said that the incident could have opened the door to lawsuits, potentially damaging Nationwide Grill's market position. The Chief Information Officer (CIO), Brendan, tried to assure her that even if there had been an actual breach, the chances of a successful suit against the company were slim. But Alice remained unconvinced.
Spencer - a former CEO and currently a senior advisor - said that he had always warned against the use of contractors for data processing. At the very least, he argued, they should be held contractually liable for telling customers about any security incidents. In his view, Nationwide Grill should not be forced to soil the company name for a problem it did not cause.
One of the business development (BD) executives, Haley, then spoke, imploring everyone to see reason.
"Breaches can happen, despite organizations' best efforts," she remarked. "Reasonable preparedness is key." She reminded everyone of the incident seven years ago when the large grocery chain Tinkerton's had its financial information compromised after a large order of Nationwide Grill frozen dinners. As a long-time BD executive with a solid understanding of Tinkerton's's corporate culture, built up through many years of cultivating relationships, Haley was able to successfully manage the company's incident response.
Spencer replied that acting with reason means allowing security to be handled by the security functions within the company - not BD staff. In a similar way, he said, Human Resources (HR) needs to do a better job training employees to prevent incidents. He pointed out that Nationwide Grill employees are overwhelmed with posters, emails, and memos from both HR and the ethics department related to the company's privacy program. Both the volume and the duplication of information means that it is often ignored altogether.
Spencer said, "The company needs to dedicate itself to its privacy program and set regular in-person trainings for all staff once a month." Alice responded that the suggestion, while well-meaning, is not practical. With many locations, local HR departments need to have flexibility with their training schedules. Silently, Natalia agreed.
How could the objection to Spencer's training suggestion be addressed?
- A. By offering alternative delivery methods for trainings.
- B. By requiring training only on an as-needed basis.
- C. By customizing training based on length of employee tenure.
- D. By introducing a system of periodic refresher trainings.
Answer: A
Explanation:
This answer is the best way to address the objection to Spencer's training suggestion, as it can provide flexibility and convenience for employees who work in different locations or have different schedules.
Alternative delivery methods for trainings can include online courses, webinars, podcasts, videos or self- paced modules that can be accessed anytime and anywhere by employees. Alternative delivery methods can also reduce the cost and time required for in-person trainings, while still ensuring that employees receive consistent and relevant information on the company's privacy program. References: IAPP CIPM Study Guide, page 90; ISO/IEC 27002:2013, section 7.2.2
NEW QUESTION # 31
When devising effective employee policies to address a particular issue, which of the following should be included in the first draft?
- A. Rationale for the policy.
- B. Points of contact for the employee.
- C. Explanation of how the policy is applied within the organization.
- D. Roles and responsibilities of the different groups of individuals.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
When devising effective employee policies to address a particular issue, it is important to include the rationale for the policy in the first draft, as it explains why the policy is needed and what benefits it brings to the organization and its employees. The rationale can also help to gain support and buy-in from the management and staff, as well as to align the policy with the organizational values and goals. The other options are also important elements of an employee policy, but they can be added or refined in later drafts. References: CIPM Body of Knowledge, Domain IV: Privacy Program Communication Activities, Task 2: Develop internal communication plans.
NEW QUESTION # 32
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Paul Daniels, with years of experience as a CEO, is worried about his son Carlton's successful venture, Gadgo.
A technological innovator in the communication industry that quickly became profitable, Gadgo has moved beyond its startup phase. While it has retained its vibrant energy, Paul fears that under Carlton's direction, the company may not be taking its risks or obligations as seriously as it needs to. Paul has hired you, a Privacy Consultant, to assess the company and report to both father and son. "Carlton won't listen to me," Paul says,
"but he may pay attention to an expert."
Gadgo's workplace is a clubhouse for innovation, with games, toys, snacks. espresso machines, giant fish tanks and even an iguana who regards you with little interest. Carlton, too, seems bored as he describes to you the company's procedures and technologies for data protection. It's a loose assemblage of controls, lacking consistency and with plenty of weaknesses. "This is a technology company," Carlton says. "We create. We innovate. I don't want unnecessary measures that will only slow people down and clutter their thoughts." The meeting lasts until early evening. Upon leaving, you walk through the office it looks as if a strong windstorm has recently blown through, with papers scattered across desks and tables and even the floor. A
"cleaning crew" of one teenager is emptying the trash bins. A few computers have been left on for the night, others are missing. Carlton takes note of your attention to this: "Most of my people take their laptops home with them, or use their own tablets or phones. I want them to use whatever helps them to think and be ready day or night for that great insight. It may only come once!" What would be the best kind of audit to recommend for Gadgo?
- A. A third-party audit.
- B. A supplier audit.
- C. A self-certification.
- D. An internal audit.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
This answer is the best kind of audit to recommend for Gadgo, as it can provide an independent and objective assessment of the company's privacy program and practices, as well as identify any gaps, weaknesses or risks that need to be addressed or improved. A third-party audit is conducted by an external auditor who has the necessary expertise, experience and credentials to evaluate the company's compliance with the applicable laws, regulations, standards and best practices for data protection. A third-party audit can also help to enhance the company's reputation and trust among its customers, partners and stakeholders, as well as demonstrate its commitment and accountability for privacy protection. References: IAPP CIPM Study Guide, page 881; ISO/IEC 27002:2013, section 18.2.1
NEW QUESTION # 33
Under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which situation would be LEAST likely to require a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)?
- A. The use of a camera system to monitor driving behavior on highways
- B. An online magazine using a mailing list to send a generic daily digest to marketing emails
- C. A Human Resources department using a tool to monitor its employees' internet activity
- D. A health clinic processing its patients' genetic and health data
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is a process to help identify and minimize the data protection risks of a project. Under the GDPR, a DPIA is required when the processing is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals, especially when using new technologies. The GDPR provides some examples of high-risk processing activities, such as systematic and extensive evaluation of personal aspects, large-scale processing of special categories of data, or systematic monitoring of public areas. The other options are more likely to require a DPIA than the online magazine using a mailing list to send a generic daily digest to marketing emails, as they involve more sensitive or intrusive types of processing. References:
* [Data protection impact assessments | ICO]
* [Art. 35 GDPR - Data protection impact assessment - GDPR.eu]
NEW QUESTION # 34
Under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), when would a data subject have the right to require the erasure of his or her data without undue delay?
- A. When the data subject is a public authority.
- B. When the processing is carried out by automated means.
- C. When the data is no longer necessary for its original purpose.
- D. When the erasure is in the public interest.
Answer: C
Explanation:
This answer is one of the situations when a data subject would have the right to require the erasure of his or her data without undue delay under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which is also known as the right to be forgotten or the right to erasure. This right allows a data subject to request that a data controller deletes his or her personal data when one of the following grounds applies:
The data is no longer necessary for its original purpose.
The data subject withdraws his or her consent for processing.
The data subject objects to processing based on legitimate interests or direct marketing.
The processing is unlawful or violates other laws or regulations.
The processing is related to online services offered to children.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which is TRUE about the scope and authority of data protection oversight authorities?
- A. No one agency officially oversees the enforcement of privacy regulations in the United States.
- B. All authority in the European Union rests with the Data Protection Commission (DPC).
- C. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Frameworks require all member nations to designate a national data protection authority.
- D. The Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) of Canada has the right to impose financial sanctions on violators.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The true statement about the scope and authority of data protection oversight authorities is that no one agency officially oversees the enforcement of privacy regulations in the United States. Unlike other regions, such as the European Union or Canada, the United States does not have a comprehensive federal privacy law or a single national data protection authority. Instead, it has a patchwork of sector-specific and state-level laws and regulations, enforced by various federal and state agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Commerce (DOC), etc. Additionally, individuals can also bring private lawsuits against organizations that violate their privacy rights. References:
[Data Protection Authorities], [Privacy Law in the United States]
NEW QUESTION # 36
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